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Nephrology

The pair of kidneys located under the ribcage are vital organs for detoxifying your body, maintaining your electrolyte balance, blood pressure, etc. The gradual loss of kidney function results in kidney disease.

Nephrology is a speciality of medicine that focuses on the management of kidney diseases. Nephrologists are doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease develop over time if kidney damage progresses slowly. Loss of kidney function can cause a buildup of fluid or body waste or electrolyte problems. Depending on how severe it is.

Loss of kidney function can cause:

Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Fatigue and weakness
Sleep problems
Urinating more or less
Decreased mental sharpness
Muscle cramps
Swelling of feet and ankles
Dry, itchy skin
High blood pressure (hypertension) that's difficult to control
Shortness of breath, if fluid builds up in the lungs.
Chest pain, if fluid builds up around the lining of the heart

Signs and symptoms of kidney disease are often nonspecific. This means they can also be caused by other illnesses. Because your kidneys are able to make up for lost function, you might not develop signs and symptoms until irreversible damage has occurred.

Nephrology Condition Treatments

Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is caused when an abnormal protein called amyloid is deposited in the organs and tissues. This is usually produced in the bone marrow and frequently affects the liver, spleen, nervous system, kidneys, heart and digestive tract.

Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a serious disorder that can cause severe damage to the lungs and digestive system. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young adults.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Hypertension refers to high blood pressure which may lead to many other symptoms. Blood pressure is the measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Hypertension is known to be a cause of chronic kidney disease.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a serious kidney disorder causing the body to excrete excessive protein in the urine. The small blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess water from the blood are damaged, thereby causing swelling in the feet and ankles.

Diabetic kidney disorder

The long-standing complications of diabetes contribute to kidney diseases. It is one of the prominent causes of kidney failure. Around one-third of people having diabetes are exposed to the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is a kind of disease that develops due to inflammation in tiny kidney organs called glomeruli. The glomeruli are important structures that are responsible for removing extra fluid and waste from your bloodstream.

Lupus Nephritis

This is a condition in which inflammation of kidneys occurs due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.

Pyelonephritis

This is a kind of bacterial infection that leads to inflammation of substances of the kidney.

Polycystic kidney disorder:

It is a genetic disorder that leads to the development of a cluster of cysts within kidneys and results in high blood pressure and kidney failure.

Renal insufficiency

This is a medical condition in which blood flow to kidneys reduces significantly due to renal artery diseases and leads to poor kidney functioning.

Electrolyte disorders

This condition results from an abnormal imbalance of minerals in the body that results in potentially harmful damage to vital organs including the brain and muscles.

Kidney disease

Kidney diseases comprise a wide range of damages to the organ that results in its system failure. These complications make kidneys inefficient to remove waste and excess fluid from the body.

Services Offered

Different services offered by the nephrology department include-

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
Peritoneal Dialysis (CPD)
Plasma Dialysis (Plasmapheresis)

Liver Dialysis (MARS Therapy)
Kidney Transplant
Combined Kidney & Liver Transplant and Kidney Biopsy

Common Medical Procedures Used in Nephrology

Ultrasound

Ultrasound is an imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to capture internal images of your kidneys. This test helps in the identification of abnormalities in kidneys such as a change in size and position. Moreover, it can detect the presence of obstructions involving the formation of cysts or tumors

CT scan

As known as computed tomography, a CT scan allows doctors to capture cross-sectional images of kidneys. Sometimes the process may also be performed using intravenous contrast dye. This test can identify obstruction in organs in a more precise manner.

Biopsy

A biopsy involves removing tiny samples of tissues by inserting a thin needle. These cells from your body help healthcare professionals examine the condition in laboratories.

Assessing kidney damage
Identifying disease processes and checking its response to treatment
Analyzing the complications associated with transplantation

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is a specialized process that uses an artificial kidney machine called hemodialyzer for extracting extra waste, fluid, and chemicals from the blood before returning it to the body. After purification blood is returned to the body through a catheter or port, in leg, arm, or neck.

Kidney transplant

Transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves removing a particular section or the entire of the damaged kidney and replacing it with a matching donor organ.

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